Abbreviations

From IT Jalakam - Unofficial IT syllabus for grade 10 students

Computer Abbreviations and their full forms...

A

AC: Alternating Current | ACPI: Advanced Configuration | AI: Artificial Intelligence | ADSL: Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line | ALU: Arithmetic Logic Unit | AMD: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | AMI: American Megatrends Inc. | ANSI: American National Standards Institute | APIC: Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller | APM: Advanced Power Management | ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Interchange | ASIC: Application Specific Integrated Circuit | ASPI: Advanced SCSI programming Interface | ATA: AT bus attachment | ATAPI: ATA Packet Interface | ATM: Asynchronous Transfer Mode |

B

BBS: Bulletin Board System | BCD: Binary Coded Decimal | BICMOS: Bipolar Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor | BIOS: Basic Input/Output System | BPS/bps: Bytes/bits per second | BSD: Berkeley Standard Distribution | BSOD: Blue Screen of Death |

C

CAD: Computer Aided Design | CAM: Content Addressable Memory / Computer Aided Manufacturing | CCD: Charge Coupled Device | CD: Compact Disc | CDDI: Copper Distributed Data Interface | CDROM: Compact Disc Read Only Memory | CGA: Colour Graphics Adapter | CHS: Cylinder Head Sector | CISC: Complex Instructuon-Set Computer | CMOS: Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor | CPI: Clocks Per Instruction | CPU: Central Processing Unit | CRC: Cyclical Redundancy Check | CRT: Cathode Ray Tube | CDMA: Code Division Multiple Access | CSMA: Carrier Sense Multiple Access |

D

DAT: Digital Audio Tape | DC: Direct Current | DCD: Data Carrier Detect | DCE: Data Circuit-termating Equipment | DD: Double Density | DDC: Digital Data Channel | DEC: Digital Equipment Corporation | DIP: Dual-In-line-Package | DIS: Draft International Standard | DMA: Direct Memory Access | DMI: Desktop Management Interface | DOS: Disk Operating System | DP: Dual Processor/ing | DPE: Data Parity Error | DRAM: Dynamic Random Access Memory | DSP: Digital Signal Processor | DSL: Digtal Subscriber Line | DTC: Data Terminal Controller | DTMF: Dual-Tone Multi Frequency | DTR: Data Terminal Ready |

E

EBCDIC: Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code | ECL: Emitter-Coupled Logic | ECP: Enhanced Communication Port | EEPROM: Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory | EGA: Enhanced Graphics Adapter | EISA: Enhanced Industry Standard Architecture | EMI: Electro Magnetic Interference | EMS: Expanded Memory Specification | EPP; Enhanced Parallel Port | EPROM: Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory | ESD: Electro-Static Discharge |

F

FAT: File Allocation Table | FDD: Floppy/Fixed Disk Drive | FDDI: Fiber Distributed Data Interface | FDX: Full Duplex Transmission | FIFO: First In First Out | FILO; First In last Out | FLOPS: Floating Point Operations Per Second | FM: Frequency Modulation | FPGA: Field Programmable Gata Array | FPU: Floating Point Unit | FRC: Functional Redundancy Checking | FTP: File Transfer Protocol |

G

GFLOPS: Giga Flops | GNU: Genuinely Not UNIX | GUI: Graphical User Interface | HD: High Density/Hard Disk | HDD: Hard Disk Drive | HDX: Half-Duplex Transmission | HFS: Hierarchical File System |

I

I/O: Input / Output | IBM: International Business Machines | IC: Integrated Circuit | IDC: Insulation Displacement Connector | IDE: Integrated Device Electronics | IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers | IPC: Inter Process Communication | IPX: Internetwork Packet Exchange | ISA: Industry Standard Architecture | ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network |

J

JPEG: Joint Pictures Experts Group | JAR: Java ARchive |

K

KDE: K Desktop Environment | KB: KiloByte | Kb: KiloBit | Khz: Kilo Hertz | KBps: KiloBytes Per Second | Kbps: Kilobits Per Second |

L

LAN: Local Area Netowrk | LBA: Linear Block Array | LCD: liquid Crystal Display | LED: Light Emitting Diode | LSI: Large Scale Integration | LUN: Logical Unit Number |

M

MAN: Metropolitan Area Network | MB/Mb: MegaByte/bit | MBR: Master Boot Record | MCA: Micro Channel Architecture / Master of Computer Applications | MCGA: Multi-Colout Graphic Array | MCM: Multi-Chip Module | MFLOPS: Millions of Floating Point Operations Per Second | MFM: Modified Frequency Modulated | Mhz: Mega Hertz | MICR: Magnetic Ink Character Recognition | MIDI: Musical Instrument Data Interface | MIMD: Multiple-Instruction Miltiple-Data | MIPS: Millions of Instructions Per Second | MMU: Memory Management Unit | MNP: Microcom Network Protocol | MODEM: MOdulator/DEModulator | MOS: Metal-Oxide Semiconductor | MP: Multi Processor | MSDOS: Microsoft's Disk Operating System | MSI: Medium Scale Integration |

N

N/C: No-Connect | NBS: National Bureau of Standards | NFS: Network File System | NMI: Non-Maskable Interrupt | NSF: National Science foundation | NVRAM: Non Volatile Random Access Memory | OCR: Optical Character Recognition | ODI: Open Datalink Interface | OEM: Original Equipment Manufacturer | OS: Operating System | OSF: Open Software Foundation | OSR: OEM Service Release | OSI: Open Systems Interconnect | PAL/PLA: Programmable Array Logic/Logic Array | PB: Push Button | PBX: Private Branch eXtender | PC: Personal Computer | PCB: Printed Circuit Board | PCI: Peripheral Component Interconnect | PCM: Pulse Code Modulation | PCMCIA: Personal Computer Memory Card International Association | PE: Processor Element | PFF: Page Fault Frequency | PGA: Professional Graphics Array | PIC: Pin Grid Array | PIO: Programmed Input/Output | PIROM: Processor Information Read Only Memory | PMOS: Positively doped Metal Oxide Semiconductor | PnP: Plug and Play | POP: Post Office Protocol | POST: Power On Self Test | PPP: Point to Point Protocol | PROM: Programmable Read Only memory | PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network | PSU: Power Supply Unit |

R

RAID: Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks | RAM :Random Access Memory | RCC: Routing Control Centre | RDRAM: Rambus DRAM | RFC: Request for Comments | RFI: Radio Frequency Interference | RISC: Reduced Instruction Set Computer | ROM: Read Only Memory | RPC: Remote Procedure Call | RPM: Rotations Per Minute | RTC: Real Time Clock | RTS: Request To Send |

S

SAM: Sequential Access Memory | SASI: Shugart Associates Standard Interface | SCSI: Small Computer Systems Interface | SD: Single Density | SDLC: Synchronous DataLink control | SDRAM: Synchronous Dynamic Read Only Memory | SDRAM DDR II: Double Data Rate SDRAM | SDRAM bddR II: Bi-Sirectional Strobed DDR SDRAM | SE: Systems Engineer | SFF: Small Form Factor | SGRAM: Synchronous Graphics RAM | SIMD: Singe Instruction Multiple Data | SIMM: Single Inline Memory Module | SMART: Self Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology | SNA: System Network Architechture | SPOOL: Simultaneous Peripheral Opearation | SPT: Sectors Per Track | SPU: Single Processor Unit | SRAM: Static Random Access Memory | SVGA: Super Video Graphics Array |

T

TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol | TIA: Telecomm Industry Association | TRANSISTOR: TRANSformer resiSTOR | TTL: Transistor-Transistor Logic |

U

UART: Unrecoverable Application Receiver/Transmitter | UDP: User Datagram Protocol | UMB: Upper Memory Block | UPS: Un-interruptible Power Supply | UMB: Upper Memory Block | UPS: Un-interruptible Power Supply |

V

VBE: Video BIOS Extensions | VCR: Video Cassette Recorder | VESA: video Enhanced Standards Association | VGA: Video Graphics Array | VLSI: Very Large Scale Integration | VM: Virtual Memory | VRT: Voltage Reduction Technology |

X

XGA: eXtended Graphics Array | XMS: Extended Memory Specification

Y

YAHOO: Yet Another Hierarchical Organized Oracle

Z

ZIF: Zero Insertion Force